oracle 数据库更改 SID 详细解释 操作步骤 oracle更改SID详解

1、关闭数据库

SQL> shutdown immediate 
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

2、退出SQLPLUS

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

3、更改环境变量

[oracle@localhost ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=nihao
[oracle@localhost ~]$ export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

4、修改配置文件(修改/etc/oratab文件，将sid名由旧的修改为新的，如从orcl修改为nihao)

[oracle@localhost ~]$ more /etc/oratab
# This file is used by ORACLE utilities.  It is created by root.sh
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating
# a database.

# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator.  A new line termina
tes
# the entry.  Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively.  The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should n
ot,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
orcl:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y

把最后一行的orcl字样改成nihao；

更改后的样子是：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ more /etc/oratab
# This file is used by ORACLE utilities.  It is created by root.sh
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating
# a database.

# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator.  A new line termina
tes
# the entry.  Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively.  The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should n
ot,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
nihao:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y

5、更改数据库系统文件，进入到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录将所有文件名中包含原来的sid的地方修改为对应的新sid的（这里有orcl改为nihao）
如我对如下文件修改为其后对应的文件和文件夹。

（1）进入$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ 

（2）查看该目录下有什么内容

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ll
总计 72
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 09-14 11:27 hc_DBUA0.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba      1544 09-21 17:02 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba      2851 2009-05-15 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba        24 08-28 12:25 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba      1536 09-21 10:30 orapworcl
drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 08-31 07:57 peshm_DBUA0_0
drwx------ 2 oracle dba      4096 08-28 12:22 peshm_orcl_0
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba      2560 09-21 10:30 spfileorcl.ora

（3）

总共5个含有orcl或者ORCL的地方，够要改。

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv hc_orcl.dat hc_nihao.dat
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv lkORCL lkNIHAO
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv orapworcl orapwnihao
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv peshm_orcl_0/ peshm_nihao/
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv spfileorcl.ora spfilenihao.ora 

（4）查看更改以后的结果

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ll
总计 80
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 09-14 11:27 hc_DBUA0.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba      1544 09-21 18:14 hc_nihao.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba      2851 2009-05-15 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba        24 08-28 12:25 lkNIHAO
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba      1536 09-21 10:30 orapwnihao
drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 08-31 07:57 peshm_DBUA0_0
drwx------ 2 oracle dba      4096 08-28 12:22 peshm_nihao
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba      3584 09-21 18:37 spfilenihao.ora

如果有问题，要回过头来检查这里，个人备注。

6、启动数据库

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Sep 21 18:11:47 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  443592704 bytes
Fixed Size                  1337100 bytes
Variable Size             272632052 bytes
Database Buffers          163577856 bytes
Redo Buffers                6045696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

7、查看实例名

SQL> select instance from v$thread;

INSTANCE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nihao

8、退出sqlplus

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

9、查看系统环境变量

[oracle@localhost ~]$ env | grep ORACLE
ORACLE_SID=nihao
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[oracle@localhost ~]$ 

其中第二行，很明白的告诉大家，启动成功，更改生效。